This latest study is a stark reminder of the grave consequences of inaction on climate change, especially in countries such as India and Pakistan. Heat waves are becoming more frequent and intense as global temperatures soar, steadily taking a toll on the health and livelihoods of the residents in these two countries. Last summer, temperatures in India hit an all–time high of 51 degrees Celsius – making it the hottest ever temperature recorded in the region. High temperatures can lead to direct heat stress, resulting in conditions such as heat exhaustion, heat stroke and even death. Further, there is strong evidence that extreme heat can also contribute to other serious health problems, such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, which can affect people of all ages.